Henry Wealth Oyarieme1, Jerome Otiti2, Holiness Stephen Adedeji Olasore3, Olawale Matthew Olamide4,
Ogheneovo Obros5
Cancer is primarily a genetic disease resulting from accumulated mutations that result in excessive proliferation,
decline in replication regulation, evading growth suppressors, resist apoptosis, immortality of cells, and activation of
tissue invasion and metastasis. The advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in the last decade has changed our
knowledge of genetics, especially in diagnosing inherited cancer-susceptible genes. The cost-effectiveness and efficiency
of sequencing multiple genes at once have led to its extensive use in research and clinical applications. This review aims
to examine the genetic basis of germline susceptible genes, highlighting the significance of the key genetic mutations, the
impact of NGS technologies, and the incorporation of artificial intelligence technology in cancer diagnosis, treatment, and
prognosis. Genomic profiling and functional studies through NGS and AI-assistant technologies provide detailed insights
into the heterogeneity of tumors, identifying key mutations and potential therapeutic targets. This technology enables personalized cancer treatment approaches, enhancing the efficacy of interventions and improving patient outcomes.
