American Research Journal of Physics

1V.V. Apollonov, 2Yu.P. Voinov 

Abstract: The issue of the light speed invariance, experimentally studied by E. Aleksandrov et al., seems to be very important. It is shown that Aleksandrov et al. did not take into account a number of factors that lead to a significant difference from the reference data when calculating the speed of light by the method proposed. An accurate analysis of the experiment aimed at measuring the speed of synchrotron radiation allows us to state that it can be equal to 2c. A new experiment is needed in which the synchronization signal from an induction loop introducing an uncertainty is replaced by a signal from the second light detector installed near the radiation point. 

Avtar Singh Gill 

Abstract: The Northern and Southern Lights are caused by the solar IMF. Gill’s Electronic Theory of Magnetism (1964) shows how the solar IMF on approaching the magnetosphere of the Earth splits into its negative and positive electric energy components which head for the opposite magnetic poles of the Earth to cause the equally bright Aurora Borealis and Aurora Australis. Why these Northern and Southern lights don’t reach all the way to the magnetic poles of the Earth and why they are brighter on the night side will be illustrated. Kristian Birkeland’s (1900-1916) “terrella” experiments are also further explained. The great 1859 spectral auroral event affecting the Earth which also showed the link between the magnetic effect and the electrical effect is explained (Message from the SUN.) The solar source of the essential electrical seeding of the magnetic poles of the Earth for the functioning of the geomagnetic dynamo of the Earth to create its magnetosphere is shown Some applications to harness this solar electrical energy are presented and some dot product equations are presented to support these applications. Gill’s electronic theory of magnetism (1964) explains all of the above and is better than Maxwell’s pre-existing dipole theory of magnetism (1873).

Avtar Singh Gill 

Abstract: Gill’s electronic theory of magnetism (1964) was put forward by the author to explain a change in configuration of the atoms which then start to behave like magnets. The author does not agree with the pre-existing dipole theory of Maxwell (1873). By applying Gill’s electronic theory of magnetism (1964) to Faraday’s (1831) iron ring experiment, the unexpected result obtained by Michael Faraday in 1831will be explained. Using Coulomb’s law, dot-product calculations and equations have been developed by the author versus the cross-product Lorentz equations (1893). Magnetism and the Tesla unit will be addressed, and it will be shown with the help of Coulomb’s law that if we have ???? = ???? ????. ???? =(????. ????) ⁻¹ non-moving inner electrons at the north magnetic pole and have at a distance of one meter the same number of exposed protons as the south magnetic pole, then we will experience a magnetic force of one Tesla between the two magnetic poles. The issue of asymmetry between magnetic force and electrical force pointed out by A. Einstein in 1905 and Richard Feynman in 1943 is resolved by applying Gill’s electronic theory of magnetism (1964) instead of Maxwell’s dipole theory of magnetism (1873). Introduction: This article has been written to explain the results obtained by Michael Faraday in his 1831 iron ring experiment with the application of Gill’s electronic theory of magnetism (1964). The ability to do the same also lends support to Gill’s electronic theory of magnetism. It will be shown with line diagrams and a simple experiment that the magnetic force is a combination of positive and negative forces from the protons and electrons of a re-configured magnetized atom. The author will go on to derive dot product calculations and equations after having failed to reconcile with the cross-product Lorentz formula of 1893. The derived equations are applied to define and calculate a Tesla unit. Maxwell’s dipole theory of magnetism (1873) causes the asymmetry issue, and it will be shown that Gill’s electronic theory of magnetism resolves the asymmetry issue.

O.L. Cruz-González1*, R. Rodríguez-Ramos2, J. Bravo-Castillero2, R. Martínez-Rosado3 R. Guinovart-Díaz2, J.A. Otero3, F. J. Sabina4

Abstract: In this paper, the use of Asymptotic Homogenization Method (AHM) is proposed to solve partial differential equations that describe the behavior of some viscoelastic heterogeneous materials. The mathematical statement of the problem is formulated. A theoretical and organized description of the AHM is exposed. Analytical expressions of the effective properties for heterogeneous viscoelastic materials, using the Laplace Transform and its inverse, are reported. Various viscoelastic kernels are considered, including Rabotnov’s fractional-exponential kernel, to describe the behavior of laminate viscoelastic composites. Finally, numerical results are obtained to validate the use of the method. 

S.M. Afonin

Abstract: Decision of wave equation, structural-parametric model, parametric structural schematic diagram, transfer functions of the piezo actuator are obtained using the Laplace transform. Effects of geometric and physical parameters of the piezo actuator and the external load on its dynamic characteristics are determined. The transfer functions and the parametric structural schematic diagram of the piezo actuator for the transverse, longitudinal, shift piezoelectric effects are obtained from the structural-parametric model of the piezo actuator. For calculation of the control systems for nanotechnology with the piezo actuator its the parametric structural schematic diagram and the transfer functions are determined. The generalized structural-parametric model and the generalized parametric structural schematic diagram of the piezo actuator for nanotechnology and adaptive optics are constructed.