American Research Journal of Physics

Avtar Singh Gill, MD 

Abstract: Applying Gill’s electronic theory of magnetism (1964) to planet Earth and relating it to the electron dependent negative force (-e) and the proton dependent positive force (+e) of atoms of any object close to the surface of the Earth, it will be explained mathematically how objects close to the Earth fall towards the Earth with a combination of these two forces. In the northern and southern magnetic hemispheres of the Earth, equations based on known physics laws are offered for objects falling towards the Earth. Dot-product vector equations will explain why a pendulum will accelerate least at the equator and this lateral acceleration keeps on increasing as we move the same pendulum from the equator towards the magnetic poles of the Earth as has been seen experimentally. As the object O gains height above the surface of the Earth, the two negative and positive extraterrestrial forces become effective and O starts losing weight with increasing height. At a certain greater height above the Earth where the two negative and positive forces from the Earth balance with the two negative and positive extra-terrestrial forces, the object O will start behaving as a satellite. The bigger object O will become a satellite at a greater height. A brief discussion at the end on why this presentation is more accurate as compared to Sir Isaac Newton’s universal law of gravitation which resulted in the incorrect third force concept of gravity in the Physics world in 1687. As the asymmetry between the magnetic force and the electrical forces is resolved with Gill’s electronic theory of magnetism 1964, Albert Einstein’s ‘Special theory of relativity 1905’ which was presented to deal with the asymmetry issue becomes unnecessary along with his ‘General Relativity theory 1916’ where he tries to justify the gravitational force.

Berov G. Lyubomir 

Abstract: This is, I think, the connection between the intellect and the time - the intellect is capable and most likely defines the sequence of events.   

ZHANG Yan-Nian, WANG Qinghe 

Abstract: Electron-Positron Dipole (EPD) model of dark matter was set up initially, and force amongst EPDs, force amongst EPDs and visible matters, and EPDs’ space distribution law are given. Electric field, magnetic field, electromagnetic field and gravitational field can be explained reasonably with EPDs’ regular polarization, directional deflection, induced oscillation and density gradient. 4 kinds of field substance and physical substance can be unified reasonably. Substance of dark matter had been verified with vacuum friction, EPDs’ thermal motion, electron-positron pair creation and annihilation. It is the essential reasons of dark matter invisible that EPDs can transmit but cannot reflect electromagnetic waves, but EPDs’ density variation can be observed by detecting velocity variation and direction deflection of electromagnetic wave. Self-consistency of EPDs’ electromagnetic wave theory is systematically demonstrated with Michelson-Morley experiment, Fizeau experiment, rotating steel discs, stellar aberration, photoelectric effect, wave-particle duality, gravitational light deflection, gravitational lens and radar echo delay. EPDs are solid substance foundation of gravitational field. Attraction always points to the direction of EPDs’ density increase maximally, which is the reason that macroscopic matter only shows gravity and gravity is infinite and extends throughout all of space. Quanta and EPDs interact so frequently and disorderly that the moving trails of quanta can’ be calculated accurately. It is the fundamental reason of quantum mechanics’ uncertainty and randomness that EPDs and quanta interact mutually at anytime and anywhere. The motion of an electron itself is nothing different with the movement of macroscopic matter. However, the interference pattern should be observed in double-slit experiment no matter whether electrons go through double slit or not. In short, the results show that EPD model of dark matter, which is scientific and reasonable, is worth further study.