American Research Journal of Business and Management

Clovis de Faro1, Gerson Lachtermacher2

Aiming to conciliate the pros and cons of the system of amortization with constant installments and the system of constant amortization, the Brazilian Housing Financing System (SFH), introduced the so-called System of Mixed Amortization. Besides comparing these three distinct systems of amortization in the case of individual contracts, the paper presents also a comparison of the correspondent multiple contracts versions.

Alena Nazarova

The article discusses the transfer of project methodologies from capital-intensive industries to the context of individual entrepreneurship in the beauty industry. Based on the case of N.A.S.consult, it shows how adapted management tools allow practitioners to structure their work and improve financial results. To verify the rationale of the approach, industry benchmarks (retention, rebooking, share of online appointments, membership models) were used, as well as a comparison with the case data. Program participants demonstrated a revenue increase of approximately 15-35% over the first 24 months and stabilization of the client base; the strategic model includes targeting, pricing, membership tools, and a KPI dashboard. The novelty lies in the operationalization of transferable practices (goals, time, resources, communications) and the identification of elements that require complete reworking (multi-level coordination, cumbersome regulations) [1–3, 10–12].

Tofig Karimli

The article is devoted to the study of opportunities and methodological aspects of integrating intelligent systems (IS) in urban development of agglomerations, with a focus on the context of the Baku region of Azerbaijan. In the context of global trends of urbanization and concentration of resources in agglomerations, the concept of “smart city” is considered as a promising paradigm for solving complex problems of urban environment management and sustainable development. The article analyzes the theoretical foundations of the concept of “smart city” and the role of intelligent systems, assesses the state of urban development of Azerbaijan’s agglomerations, identifies key challenges and opportunities for the application of IS in various areas, including transport, energy, security and water management. Based on the analysis, the author develops practical recommendations for the adaptation and implementation of IS in the existing urban planning practice of Azerbaijan, taking into account the unique socio-economic and geographical features of the region, aimed at improving the efficiency, safety and quality of life of citizens.

Dr. Daryl D. Green, Dr. Tracy Dunn, Dr. Jack McCann, Dr. Heidi O’Donnell, Caitlyn Stickney, Matthew Walkingstick

In today’s rapidly evolving sports world, coaches who harness the power of social media and media outlets can transform athletic programs and inspire the next generation of athletes and leaders. This study examines the coaching methods and off-field ventures of Coach Deion Sanders, known as “Coach Prime,” and the significant role of Well Off Media in reshaping sports media influence. Sanders stands as a disruptive force in college football, using his platform to cultivate a winning team culture, both on and off the field. As the only individual to have played in both the World Series and Super Bowl, Sanders brings unparalleled experience as a multi-sport athlete to his role as a head coach and social media influencer. Through qualitative analysis of Sanders’ strategies and their outcomes, this research offers valuable insights into brand development, strategic actions in sports media, and change management in athletics. In an era where influence extends beyond the field, Sanders’ approach serves as an inspiring model for coaches aiming to leave a lasting impact on their teams, communities, and the broader sports industry.

Amarendra Acharya1, Prakash A. Salvi2 

The rise and ebb of capital flows has buffeted the Indian economy. The Reserve Bank intervenes in the foreign exchange market to smoothen the volatility. Against this backdrop, this paper studies the management of exchange rate volatility and also the sterilisation of the surplus liquidity generated from the RBI intervention. With the adoption of flexible inflation targeting, liquidity management operations have undergone modification. In this context, this paper examines the effectiveness of sterilisation operations in this period. With the application of two-stage least squares, this paper finds out that the effectiveness of sterilisation operations has remained intact in this period, indicating that monetary policy independence is being maintained in the Indian economy.

Zharmagambetov Yernar 

The article discusses approaches to optimizing investment portfolios with an emphasis on the Markowitz model, as well as other mathematical methods. As the purpose of the work, it was chosen to study algorithms for building portfolios, analyze the effective front, identify key characteristics of models, and identify their limitations. The materials of the article are based on methods including the Markowitz model, stochastic algorithms, and evolutionary approaches. Covariance matrices, forecasting returns, accounting for asymmetric risks, and the impact of market volatility are studied. A comparative analysis of classical methods and modern solutions, such as robust optimization, machine learning, is carried out. The conclusions of the article confirm the applicability of the Markowitz model in stable market conditions with rational strategies of participants. However, market instability creates limitations for the use of this model. Modern approaches demonstrate adaptability, resistance to uncertainty, and require significant computing resources. The information reflected in the framework of the work, based on the study of literary sources, will be useful for studying by specialists working in the field of economics, financial analysis, asset management. The practical value of the work lies in the analysis of existing methods aimed at reducing risks, which will improve the profitability of portfolios.

Kemer Tura1*, Lemma Fita2

This study was undertaken with the objective of analyzing factors affecting milk market participation and volume of milk supply in urban and peri – urban areas of Ambo and Dendi Districts, West Shewa Zone. The study made use of primary data collected from 146 smallholder milk producers who selected randomly out of 2235 total households.The data were collected through application of individual interview schedules.The analysis was made by using both descriptive statistics and Heckman two-stage econometric model.From all dairy producing sample households, about three fourth of the households (74.7%) were market participants during the survey period.The first step of the Heckman two stages procedures results showed that dairy household milk market participation was significantly and positively affected by age of the household head, number of cross breed milking cows, access to extension services, access to milk market information and access to credit services while it was affected negatively and significantly by sex of the household head and distance to the nearest market. In addition, the second stage heckman estimation result point out thatnumber of cross breed milking cows, access to extension service, access to information and financial income from non -dairy sources are an important factors affecting sale volume of milk significantly and positively while Landholding size was found to affect volume of milk supply negatively.The finding implies that policy aiming at improving extension access through training farmers, Awareness creation on credit service terms and conditions,price information dispersion through public sector such as extension agentshould be facilitated in order to enhance producer’s milk market participation and level of participation. Moreover, integration of cross breed cows to the smallholder’s dairy sector through improving their access to improved cattle breeds is an important issue to increase milk yield per day per household which in turn increase milk market participation and sale volume of milk.

Clovis de Faro1, Gerson Lachtermacher2 

Although not very popular neither in Brazil nor in Italy, the German and Tedesco systems of debt amortization have been discussed both in the Brazilian specialized literature, as well in the corresponding Italian literature. Both methods are characterized by the payment of the interest in advance, at the beginning of the period, and constant installments. However, they have different ways of determining the interest, amortization and installment. In this article we highlight the differences and compare both methods to the so-called French methods to determine which of them is a better option for the financial institution providing the loan.

Sandeep Matharoo

The article addresses the role of Enterprise Architecture in the process of digital transformation within the energy sector. The relevance of the topic is driven by the rapid development of digital technologies and the need for their correct and timely integration into the traditional business models of the industry to enhance efficiency, competitiveness, and resilience of enterprises. The purpose of this study is to identify key aspects of the interplay between digital transformation and Enterprise Architecture in companies operating in the energy field, and to develop recommendations for optimization in this direction. Through analysis, the author identified contradictions between the need to implement innovative digital solutions and the established organizational structures of energy enterprises, as well as between the drive for rapid digitalization and the assurance of cybersecurity and sustainable development. The author concludes that successful digital transformation must rely on carefully considered and comprehensive approaches to Enterprise Architecture reform, including the revision of business processes, organizational structures, and internal corporate culture. This article will be useful for managers and specialists in energy companies involved in strategic development and digital transformation, as well as researchers in energy sector management and information technologies.

Peter A.Vuhya1, Dennis M. Bulla2, Benedict O. Alala3

This study investigates how liquidity moderates the relationship between corporate governance practices and the dividend policy of deposit-taking SACCOs in Kenya. Using a sample of 201 SACCOs, we applied both descriptive and inferential statistical methods to analyze the data. The results show that liquidity significantly moderates the impact of corporate governance on dividend policy. Specifically, robust board characteristics, well-composed audit committees, ownership structures, and transparent financial reporting positively influence dividend policy, with these effects being more pronounced under higher liquidity levels. The findings suggest that enhancing liquidity management can amplify the positive effects of corporate governance practices on dividend distribution decisions.