American Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Hamid Sarmadi1*, Morteza Badri2, Sirous saadati2, Jafar Ghanei3

Religious intellectual in Iran is dynamic process that has been began within one hundred years ego and those intellectuals that don’t enough traditional reads reasons to resolve theoretical issues and try to rely on modern science adapt religion presence in modern world. As far as effect to this process has been three elements: theoretical questions of term, scientific problems, and knowledge and people age cognizance. Words like that revival, reform, pluralism, hermeneutic and… is western received concepts that Iranian intellectuals sue adaptation with doctrines of traditional religion. Generally religious intellectual in Iran pass from three period: 1.before constitutional age 2.age 1941-1960 that strong point is coup 3.divide in two period: number one is Islamic revolution intellectuals and secondary after revolution intellectuals this periods including are sequence of three general readings: ideologically- scientifically-epistemologically. Before Islamic revolution religious intellectuals have outlook of external about religion and regarding concepts of absolutism, idealism, religion presence in public and privacy domain and sue consistency of religion and politics and putative this agent in eradicate of oppression. Whereas post-revolution religion intellectuals sue ponder in modernism concepts and express self imagination in concepts of justice and freedom compatible this base and have outlook of impressionistic between religion, age and position and those subjects. Abdolkarim Soroush believe rely to intra-religion resources is not enough, instead regarding to discuss and rationality and endeavors indicates religious sensitive in adaptation of pluralistic and democratic properties.

Kadhim Hatem Kaibr, Guo Jingjing

 In most of his plays, Albee focused on the themes of loneliness, alienation, lack of social communication, family disintegration, loss, anxiety about the future, and absence of human ideals. Some of these plays also reflected the troubled life of Albee, particularly during his childhood and adolescence. The repeated inclusion of anxiety and loss in most of Albee’s plays illustrates the suffering faced by individuals in the American capitalist society after the Second World War and reflects some parts of Albee’s personal life.This paper will attempt to identify the reasons that encourage Albee to include anxious characters with a sense of loss in most of his literary plays by studying the state of American society in Albee’s period and by examining how his previous experiences affect the themes presented in his works.

Evalsam Samuel Ecoma, M.Sc.1, Chinyere Samuel Ecoma, Ph.D.2

Fiscal federalism deals with the division of resources and tax raising powers among federating units to enable them fulfill their constitutional obligations. This can only be true if there is no other financial subordination on the part of any of the levels of government. It means that neither the federal nor the State nor Local Government in a Federation should be dependent on each other in performing the statutory duties and functions devolved upon them in a federal constitution. Since it is fundamentally true that the challenges of fiscal federalism are enormous in Nigeria, the paper attempts to look into the importance of fiscal federalism for good governance in Nigeria. The paper noticed that the principle of fiscal autonomy and fiscal integrity are paramount aspects of the survival and continued existence of a truly federating system of government. The paper reveals that the contending issues and challenges of fiscal federalism could be in form of a mismatch between revenue sources and functions of the various tiers of government. The paper concludes by arguing that there is the prospect of a stable federation if anchored on arrangements rooted in equity, fairness and justice. The paper asserts further that the distribution of revenue should encourage each State and Local Government to improve internal revenue generation, as well as the devolution of fiscal power and responsibilities to component units.

Iyad Harafesheh

 Women in Islam have always been an issue of contention especially in the modern society. As opposed to the modern society, Islam has maintained strict rules and roles in regards to women. Muslim women have to live the way they used to ages ago. In addition, the rights of women are restricted in women as opposed to men. The dramatic changes in the modern society are pushing the Muslim conservative rules and regulations to the corner. It is uncertain whether Muslims will be able to hold up on the strict rules and regulations. After all, it is becoming necessary for women to work to maintain their families better.   

A H M Shahidul Islam

The informal sector or informal economy is the part of an economy that are not taxed, regulated, monitored or included in the gross national product (GNP) by any form of government. This paper attempts to expresses the current situation of the informal economy of Dhaka City (South) as well as marginal propensity to consume (MPC) and marginal propensity to save (MPS) of the vendors by using Keynes consumption function. In addition, this paper also tries to illustrate the overall scenario of these vendors. To exemplify the result this study used primary data of 50 vendors of the areas of five different locations of Dhaka City (South) in the month of April, 2016. Moreover, this study finds that MPS of most of the vendors of the informal sector of Dhaka city (South) is small due to their higher MPC. As a result, it leads to low investment, which might have a significant impact in the economy. In light of the general poverty, low technology and development, informal activities are often considered as an economic, political and social value for public discontent. Nevertheless, transformation in the long run is a necessity for these countries as well. 

Gibran Banhakeia

This research aims at deconstructing the essential images of women during the period of Puritans that resided in the deeply mythologized text of John Steinbeck (Of Mice and Men) and this paper is about to analyze as to how biblical texts are paradigms of inferiority, inasmuch as sacred texts define women as bodies of sexuality. Henceforth, this research can elucidate the vague side of women in comparison with the religious mini texts in “Of mice and Men”. We can analyze Steinbeck’s inspiration from the Bible from in order to understand his personal feedback on women that means we are on the verge of analyzing the social position of women that lived harshly during the momentum of Great Depression in the American Literature.

Ankur Mahato1, Dr. Santosh Kumar Behera2*

In the present study the investigators made an attempt to know the B.Ed. student-teachers attitude towards Practicum in Purulia district of West Bengal, India. 250 B.Ed. Student-Teachers of one Govt. Sponsored (47) and four Self Financing / Private (203) B.Ed. Colleges (both Urban and Rural areas) affiliated to Sidho Kanho-Birsha University in Purulia District of West Bengal were taken as representative sample of the whole population. For selecting the student- teachers stratified random sampling was adopted. An attitude scale was used for collecting the data. The means of both groups were tested for significance of difference by using t-test and F-test. The study revealed that the attitude of B.Ed. Student-Teachers in Purulia District of West Bengal is neither more favorable nor unfavorable towards Practicum i.e., satisfactory or average in attitude. The study also revealed that attitude of Male and Female, Rural and Urban, as well as Govt. Sponsored and Private B.Ed College B.Ed. student-teachers towards Practicum differs significantly. On the other hand, attitude of Pre service and In-service, 2nd Semester and 4th Semester, Less than 5yrs and Above 5 yrs teaching experience, Arts and Science, less than 5 years, above 5 years and Fresher teaching experience as well as General, SC, ST and OBC B.Ed. student-teachers towards Practicum did not differ significantly.

Miheretab Wolde

An explanatory case study using secondary data was conducted and reviewed the case of Egypt and Ethiopia in the Nile Basin Region. It is based on the conceptual framework which framed on the concept of hydro hegemony. Egypt, as a negative hegemony applied resource controlling tactics. After long silent years, Ethiopia now becomes effective counter hegemony in the region. This counter hegemony-power accelerates the falling of the negative hegemony and it opens up a door for emerging of a new hegemony. International Law, new binding treaty in the region, and contemporary challenges like climate change and uncontrolled population growth make Egypt without options except joining the upper riparian countries and Sudan for cooperation.

Dr. Elgloria Harrison1, Dr. Morris Thomas2

The ENHANCE Learning Model (ELM) is a theoretical framework designed to measure how blended course design impact the learning experience of undergraduate learners. In order to test the utility of this model, longitudinal data had been captured in a general education capstone course that provided rich context of course activities that was juxtaposed against each variable of the ELM. The evaluation of this learning model was to determine its predictability of the learners’ progress and success in this course and whether it moved the learnerfrom anovice learner to a proficient learner as it pertained to thecourse’s content. Additionally, it was expected that the research gathered from the data used to inform the ELM would also provide guidance as to salient characteristics of a high-impact course design. The knowledge learned from this evaluation would support replication of future totally online and/or blendedhigh-impact course designs.

Akhilesh Kumar Mishra*, Prabuddh Kumar Mishra#

 Demographic properties are an imperative concern which impedes management and development planning of a region. Present research delves into all demographic process reflecting the various states of spatial manifestation of discrete aspects of population and uneven spatial distribution in study area associated with physical, ecological and socio-economic variables. This study is examined in the context of Pusa block, Samastipur district, Bihar. This paper advocates the population dynamics with respect to allocation of resources. The study is grounded on data collected at village level from Primary Census Abstract, Directorate of Census operation, Census of India for the period of 1991 to 2011. Geographic knowledge and statistical method have been applied to portray and dictate the population growth pattern harmonizing with the spatial extent of study area.